Dont Be Burnt By Inflammable

Dont Be Burnt By Inflammable Don’t Be Burnt By â€Å"Inflammable† Don’t Be Burnt By â€Å"Inflammable† By Simon Kewin The words â€Å"flammable† and â€Å"inflammable† mean something very similar: â€Å"easily set on fire†. Why would that be? In English, the in-prefix is regularly used to invert the importance of a descriptive word. Along these lines inert is something contrary to dynamic and inelegant is something contrary to rich. So why isn’t inflammable something contrary to combustible? The explanation is that the in of inflammable isn't the prefix meaning â€Å"not†. Inflammable gets from the Latin in importance into and flamma, a fire. Combustible gets essentially from flamma. Inflammable is hence near the word enflame, which has a similar cause. By and by, it very well may be confounding having two words that sound as though they could be alternate extremes yet which really mean something very similar. It could even be perilous, if â€Å"inflammable† were interpreted as meaning â€Å"not flammable†. The Compact Oxford English Dictionary perceives this and suggests utilizing â€Å"flammable† consistently : The words combustible and inflammable have a similar importance. It is, in any case, more secure to utilize combustible to stay away from equivocalness, as the in-prefix of inflammable can give the feeling that the word implies ‘non-flammable’.† As this citation clarifies, something contrary to combustible isn't inflammable however non-combustible or just â€Å"not flammable†. Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:Comma After for example also, e.g.3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation90 Verbs Starting with â€Å"Ex-†

Research Plan Essay Example for Free

Research Plan Essay Foundation of the Study Strong waste administration is progressively observed as a significant issue in the nation because of high paces of urbanization and expanding per capita strong waste age with more noteworthy riches (Petnamsin, et al., 2000). A significant part of strong waste is gum based plastic. Plastics gangs numerous properties, for example, water obstruction and long life, that makes them ideal possibility for bundling. Lamentably, the properties that make this item appropriate for bundling likewise are the significant reason for the ecological issues identified with bundling. Given the wide utilization of plastics, the size of the natural issue is enormous and long terms. The decisions for managing this waste are restricted as cremation of plastic polymers perpetually brings about the age of poisonous outflows (Srorith, et al., 2000). The main obvious arrangement is to cover the material in landfills. Notwithstanding, this methodology is likewise constrained in view of the safe idea of plastic to natural corruption. Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. is a mainstream organic product crop that is generally developed in tropical territories. Regularly, its seeds are disposed of as a result of the favored very much seasoned yellow sweet bulb for utilization. The seeds have high sugar and protein content, subsequently, a copious wellspring of starch (Kurian, 2010). Starch is recognized as a key normal item for the creation of biodegradable plastic (Pranamuda, et al., 2006). In light of the above data, the scientists chose to accomplish look into deal with starch-based biodegradable plastic from jackfruit seeds. Hereafter, there is a need to build up the added substance property of starch from jackfruit seeds as logical reason for its utilization in the creation of biodegradable plastic. Destinations of the Study The investigation will intend to see whether jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.â seeds can be a primary segment in the creation of biodegradable plastic. In particular, the examination will 1. decide the adequacy of starch from jackfruit A.heterophyllus Lam. seeds at different fixations as added substances in the creation of biodegradable plastic. 2. think about the mechanical properties between the created biodegradable plastic from starch of jackfruit A.heterophyllus Lam. seeds, and monetarily arranged plastic, polyethylene as far as rigidity, combustibility, soil biodegradability and air test. 3. think about the impacts of acids and bases and natural solvents between delivered biodegradable plastic from starch of jackfruit seeds and industrially arranged plastic, polyethylene. Speculations of the Study The accompanying speculations will be advanced: 1. There is no noteworthy contrast in the viability of starch from jackfruit seeds at different focuses in the creation of biodegradable plastic. 2. There is no noteworthy distinction on the mechanical properties between the delivered biodegradable plastic from starch ofjackfruit seeds and financially arranged plastic, polyethylene as far as elasticity, combustibility, soil biodegradability and air test. 3. There is no critical distinction on the impacts of acids and bases and natural solvents between delivered biodegradable plastic from starch of jackfruit seeds and economically arranged plastic polyethylene. Criticalness of the Study The consequences of the examination would be gainful and accommodating to the assembling plastic ventures since it would alleviate negative impacts of overproducing plastics. By changing its crude materials and parts, business plastic might be improved with the goal that it would get biodegradable while holding its great quality. Moreover,this part from starch of jackfruit seeds would help in the characteristic deterioration of plastic crude materials. In this manner, an advantageous method of limiting waste administration issue in the nation, all the more in this way, the popularity for plastics would give the world the danger of trash issue, accordingly, using starch from jackfruit seeds as part in the creation of biodegradable plastics would be the relative answer. Degree and Limitations of the Study The investigation will concentrate just on the starch-based biodegradable plastic from jackfruitA.heterophyllus Lam. seeds. It will be directed at the Physics/Chemistry Laboratory of Antique National School, San Jose de Buenavista, Antique from July 15, 2011 to September 30, 2011. The factors to be assessed will be the impact of starch from jackfruit seeds at different fixations for the creation of biodegradable plastic; the mechanical properties between the delivered biodegradable plastic from starch of jackfruit seeds and industrially arranged plastic, polyethylene as far as rigidity, combustibility, soil biodegradability and air test;the impacts of acids and bases and natural solvents between the delivered biodegradable plastic from the starch of jackfruit seeds and financially arranged plastic, polyethylene. Examination of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) will be utilized as factual instruments to recognize the critical contrasts among treatment implies and their collaborations at 0.01 and 0.05 degrees of importance, separately. Meaning of Terms Biodegradable.A substance or property of the produce plastic in the investigation that can be separated into easier substances by the exercises of living life forms for decomposition. Plastic. A finished result got for the most part because of the investigation utilizing starch from jackfruit seeds as fundamental segment blending in with different segments for biodegradable development. Starch. A mind boggling sugar extricated from jackfruit seeds and utilized in the investigation for the creation of biodegradable plastic. Polyvinyl Alcohol. A scentless, boring, bland, thermoplastic manufactured tar utilized in the examination that is dissolvable in water and insoluble in like manner natural solvents. Glycerol. A least difficult trihydric and usually called glycerin in commercialâ form that is utilized in the examination for the creation of biodegradable plastic. Part 2 Audit OF RELATED LITERATURE In the wake of cutting talahib pulps into extremely little pieces, they were joined with various synthetic concoctions, for example, polyvinyl liquor, sodium hydroxide in watery arrangement, paste, and glycerol to deliver biodegradable plastics with various measures of talahib mash. (Valdez, 2009). An examination decided the viability of cassava starch as segment of biodegradable plastic. Results affirmed that cassava starch is perfect as tests demonstrated its value (Romero, 2007). It was realized that starch-based bundling materials are delivered from expulsion or pressure innovation and have been created as a substitute for polystyrene in delivering free channels and other extended things. The kind of starch and manufactured polymer just as their relative extents in the mixes may impact the properties of the subsequent plastics (Sriroth and Sangseethong, 2003). Some physicochemical and rheological properties of jackfruit seed flour and starch, detached from the flour were researched. The flour had great capacities with regards to water retention and oil assimilation. Flour from jackfruit seed was set up by dry processing. It is high in protein and sugar substance. The flour has great water and oil ingestion capacities (Tulyathan, 2002). The scope of potential applications for starch plastics is confined by their affectability tomoisture and water contact and high water fume penetrability. The biodegradability of starch plastics to a great extent relies upon the biodegradability of the copolymer. High copolymer substance can unfavorably influence biodegradability because of the perplexing collaboration of starch and polyester at the atomic level (DegliInnocentiBastioli, 2002). Starch is interesting among sugars since it happens normally as discrete granules. This is on the grounds that the short fanned amylopectin fastens can frame helical structures whichcrystallize. Starch granules exhibitâ hydrophilic properties and solid between atomic affiliation by means of hydrogen holding because of the hydroxyl bunches on the granule surface (Daniel et al., 2000). Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. is a well known natural product crop that is broadly developed in the Philippines and other tropical regions. The ready organic product contains all around seasoned yellow sweet bulbs which are expended new or handled into canned items and seeds inserted in the bulb. Seeds make up around 10-15% of the absolute organic product weight and have high sugar and protein content and are typically disposed of or steamed and eaten as a bite or utilized in some nearby dishes. As new seeds can't be saved for quite a while, utilizing them as wellspring of starch is fitting (Bobbio et al 1978). In light of the above audit of related writing, there is a need to direct an investigation on starch-based biodegradable plastic from jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. seeds and in light of the fact that in all investigations, nothing has been referenced about jackfruit seeds as part of biodegradable plastics. Section 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS The progression of procedures on starch-based biodegradable plastic from jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. seeds is appeared in Figure 1. Assortment and Preparation of Research Materials, Tools and Equipment The analysts will gather three (3) kilograms of jackfruit seeds from the hotspot for two (2) days before the direct of the examination. These will be brought to the Physics/Chemistry Laboratory of Antique National School, San Jose de Buenavista, Antique. Actually grade ethanol, hydrochloric corrosive, acidic corrosive and sodium hydroxide, alkali, refined water, chlorine, polyvinyl liquor, epoxydized soy bean oil, and glycerol will be acquired from chemworks, Inc.Jaro, Iloilo City preceding the lead of the investigation. Different materials and hardware required will be mortar and pestle, processor, measuring utencils, liquor light, moving pin, aluminum foil, mixing bar, decays, spring balance, twofold shaft balance, plate, plastic cups, graduated chamber, stopwatch, and hot plate. Research Procedure/Experimental

Role of the Jury in the English Legal System

Job of the Jury in the English Legal System The jury preliminary is viewed as one of the most dubious components of the equity framework in the UK. The act of preliminary by jury has appeared throughout the years to have numerous impediments that which makes concern culture and should be rethought by Parliament. The key issues that have emerged of the years identifying with the utilization of juries are a) the experience and astuteness of the hearers making decisions in complex cases; b) the cost and life span of jury preliminaries; and C) the reasonableness of jury choice. This exposition will attempt to basically break down the job of the jury inside the English lawful framework and clarify why the jury preliminary should no longer have an influence in the crook and common equity frameworks of the United Kingdom. Preliminary by jury was first brought into the equity framework in the twelfth century, anyway it was anything but an assurance until numerous years after the fact, when a provision inside the Magna Carta expressed that no liberated person will be taken or imprisoned㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦except by the legal judgment of his companions or by the law of the land[1]. The job of the jury has since advanced from the medieval occasions and was totally shaped in the eighteenth century into what it is today[2], with current juries assuming an indispensable job in surveying the realities of the case and, on account of a criminal preliminary, deciding if the litigant is blameworthy past sensible uncertainty, or on account of a common preliminary, choosing whether the inquirer has the option to harms on the parity of probabilities. Towards the finish of the 1900s, open consideration began to be drawn towards issues emerging with jury unwavering quality, choice, experience, and predisposition. The Criminal Courts Review by Lord Justice Auld in 2001 was a critical contention in the conversations concerning jury preliminaries. Auld proceeds to state that help for the jury framework isn't general, particularly among the individuals who have been jurors.[3] This proposes there is a lot of negative conclusion among previous hearer individuals about the jury framework. The principle downsides introduced inside this report were an) absence of experienced members of the jury who speak to various social layers, b) poor ethnic minority portrayal, and c) the game character of the preliminary procedure, where the fact of the matter isn't as significant as victory.[4] The Criminal Justice Act 2003 did anyway adjust the jury framework and choice procedure by expressing that an) if the appointed authority managing the case is fulfilled, certain extortion cases and situations where a risk of jury altering existed are not to be attempted by a jury; and b) the jury determination framework must be improved so as to give increasingly experienced and impartial individuals speaking to various social gatherings and ethnic minorities.[5] Insights have indicated that jury preliminaries are in reality extremely uncommon. Just one in each hundred criminal preliminaries are really attempted by attendants because of limitations on the utilization of jury trials.[6] But it isn't just the limitations forced that make access to jury preliminary muddled. What likewise makes it entangled is the extortionate measure of cash and significant stretches of time that must be placed into each case, which puts jury preliminaries off guard. These issues can make it very badly arranged and depleting for both the litigant and, specifically, the individuals from the jury as they should invest a great deal of their energy overcoming the essential methods and participating in the genuine preliminary. Jury preliminaries can last from two or three days to numerous weeks, even months. During that period, individuals can be on a jury for more than one preliminary during their service.[7] In one occasion, a member of the jury neglected to turn u p for a preliminary as she discovered it truly exhausting, bringing about the preliminary being suspended before proceeding with 11 jurors.[8] This proposes sitting on a jury isn't what is advertised up to be, and that the negatives limitlessly exceed the positives of sitting on a jury. The capability rules for jury choice has likewise been frequently condemned. As indicated by the Juries Act 1974[9], the measures to serving on a jury are: 1) the individual ought to be enrolled as a parliamentary or neighborhood voter; 2) the individual ought not be under 18 and close to 65 years of age; 3) the jury ought to have been customarily inhabitant in the UK for a time of at any rate a long time since their thirteenth birthday celebration. The standard set out in the Act is very thin and ought to be expanded so as to guarantee better nature of juries. Ineligible people incorporate over a wide span of time individuals from the legal executive, others who have been worried about the organization of equity, the church and intellectually sick individuals. The Criminal Justice Act 2003 likewise excludes people who have carried out a custodial punishment inside the previous ten years, got a lifetime custodial sentence, or are discharged on bail and anticipating preliminary at the time the jury is summoned.[10] However the issue isn't corresponding to the capability of legal hearers, yet the simple truth that legal hearers are dependent upon human blunder. As the choice rules is extremely tight, there will be people who are knowledgeable just as not; some who are truly capable and some who are not; and people who are needing improve comprehension of the case while others simply needing to return home as quickly as time permits. On account of R v Litchfield,[11]it was dependent upon the jury to choose whether or not carelessness was gross carelessness. Therefore, the jurys decision was confounded and guidelines from the appointed authority must be repeated. It is obvious to state that individuals from the jury for this situation were either not taught all around ok or had no involvement with all in managing a perplexing judgment, which is apparently the situation with all jurors.[12] Numerous legal hearers do experience issues that are a long ways past their preparation and experience, as the absence of lawful information permits examiners to effectively influence members of the jury to accept their affirmations. In any case, in addition to the fact that jurors are incompetent and unpracticed, they frequently ignore rationale introduced by the legal counselors as a result of their partialities, past experience, or good slant. A few legal hearers may even follow the greater part and make a similar decision as the more grounded characters. Be that as it may, the primary issue is that, as members of the jury don't generally know the law and legitimate strategies, they are regularly incapable to comprehend complex proof or to survey the unwavering quality of an observer or proof. An exploration concentrate by Matthews, Hancock and Briggs[13] shows that members of the jury charges energetic about their job in the preliminary procedure, anyway 33% of legal hearers feel that it is badly arranged. The report additionally shows that knowledgeable talented individuals and experts are under-spoken to as just gifted manual laborers and incompetent specialists have sufficient opportunity to be a piece of longer preliminaries. From this, it is plainly evident that the training level of numerous members of the jury is similarly low. Roughly 60% of the respondents were confounded and experienced issues while tuning in to proof and adhering to directions. Moreover, about 30% of members of the jury face a language hindrance and would require an interpreter. Having an interpreter would make the proof indistinct as interpretations are not generally introduced in the correct manner. The examination likewise shows that 33% of legal hearers are awkward being in a court, yet in addition 90% of attendants are happy with being an individual from the jury and acknowledge he significance and significance of the job. Also, 30% of members of the jury are not accomplishe d (don't have a degree) and 40% of individuals have no information on the court procedure. These measurements are a sign that jury determination should endlessly improve. Every one of these issues can be approved by giving attendants increasingly definite directions before preliminary beginnings and adjusting the quantity of individuals with various instruction levels. Cheryl Thomas states in her examination that there are not kidding race disparities in the jury structure and ethnic minorities are really under-represented.[14] Thomas likewise concurs that guidance should be all the more clear, easier and expansive the same number of members of the jury guarantee they have confronted challenges when concentrating such guidelines. In any case, she likewise proceeds to report that a portion of the issues concerning race generalizations inside the jury framework are profoundly misrepresented, and have discovered no confirmation that white legal hearers are probably going to be one-sided and make unreasonable decisions. In light of that, cures must be made to guarantee that it is a reasonable determination and that people from all foundations are spoken to in a jury preliminaries. In 2007, the Ministry of Justice distributed the discoveries of the Jury Diversity Project[15] which uncovered that most litigants in Crown Courts outside of London will be a ttempted by an all-white jury. The job of the jury in the English legitimate framework stays a disputable piece of the legal framework. Inconveniences have emerged by issues of jury choice; expenses and life span of every preliminary; and the experience and insight of jury individuals brought to share as a jury part. With numerous sources demonstrating that an) attendants do not have the necessary mind and experience to deal with complex preliminaries and make reasonable decisions; b) people from all foundations, particularly ethnic minorities, are under-spoken to; and c) the period of time for jury determination and preliminary being unreasonably long for a person to deal with recommends that the entire procedure of jury preliminaries should be reevaluated. Various previous members of the jury will in general have even more a negative feeling on the utilization of juries because of the way that they didn't think a lot about the law, guidelines were not given plainly, they couldn't advise whether to ignore a bit o f proof or not, alongside numerous different issues. Be that as it may while juries have been an indispensable piece of the legal framework and being evaluated by ones friends and not by the legal executive appears to be reasonable, non-jury preliminaries have had minimal measure of analysis. It is obvious to see that jury preliminaries should never again be a piece of the legitimate arrangement of England and Wales and that all parts of a preliminary including breaking down the realities of the case just as the use of the l

Creating an Inviting Classroom Environment

In this fastback, the creators make two significant conflicts in first experience with this flyer. The first is that how a school looks affects how everybody who goes there feels about it-and what goes on inside it. Moreover, the creators affirm that, while conditions for the most part forbid educators from changing the whole school, they can and should have any kind of effect in their own study halls. In this audit I will address these two significant premises (Jones 8). I absolutely concur with the creators that the manner in which a school looks influences people’s view of the school just as what goes on in it. Blackford High School is an ideal guide to help this hypothesis. BHS is and consistently has been all around kept up and prepped. At the point when I previously met for work here ten years prior, I inquired as to whether the school was generally new I was stunned when he revealed to me that the school was in certainty 21 years of age. I feel that when individuals drive by our school they get a decent impression of it. Moreover, I am glad for our office when I have individual or expert visitors at school. (Earthy colored 69). I additionally concur with the creators that this statute likewise remain constant for singular study halls Harrison and Bullock gave instances of two differentiating classes to demonstrate that an enticing domain and housekeeping are basic to understudy accomplishment/execution. One homeroom was jumbled, obsolete, and generic a uninviting dump. The other study hall was flawless, efficient, yet warm, welcoming, agreeable, and easy to use. I concur with the creators that the subsequent study hall was the perfect and the one that is increasingly helpful for understudy learning. Besides I concur with the motivations to concentrate on condition that they have distinguished (mentally positive, quality lighting, clamor, and so forth.) However I unequivocally can't help contradicting them when they fight office size and age are not factors while making a domain lovely homeroom. In the wake of looking over understudies, educators, and guardians with respect to what they thought was critical to a homeroom domain (furniture, feel, comfort, instructional things, and expert things.) Finally they made suggestions as how best to utilize these clear cut things to make the perfect study hall. It is these proposals and the suggestion that I can fuse them that I have an issue with. Size IS a factor. My room is packed with the â€Å"essentials† of school activity. In my room you will discover an instructor work area, 33 understudy work areas, one educator PC station, one little bookshelf which holds my own proficient books just as soft cover books for understudies, a raised stage and platform for discourse exhibitions, a radio soundboard truck and an extra little table with a blast box for radio classes and one little educator work table. I don’t have any room. I can remain at the front edge of my work area and contact the main line of understudy work areas (I don’t even need to reach). The understudies in the back column can pivot and contact the back mass of the room. Unfortunately, I won't be managed extra space in which to direct discourse and radio classes. Besides, I won't be given individual study hall temperature controls or a telephone. I come to acknowledge. I couldn't want anything more than to have, as proposed, tables and work areas, a solace space for perusing, understudy extra room, and any number of different things they recommended. Be that as it may, it won't occur at Blackford High School.

Tundra Biome - The Habitat Encyclopedia

Tundra Biome - The Habitat Encyclopedia The tundra is an earthbound biome that is portrayed by extraordinary chilly, low organic decent variety, long winters, brief developing seasons, and constrained seepage. The brutal atmosphere of the tundra forces such impressive conditions on life that solitary the hardiest plants and creatures can make due in this condition. The vegetation that develops on the tundra is confined to a low assorted variety of little, ground-embracing plants that are all around adjusted to get by in supplement poor soils. The creatures that occupy the tundra are, by and large, transient they visit the tundra during the developing season to raise yet at that point retreat to hotter, progressively southern scopes or lower heights when temperatures drop. Tundra living space happens in locales of the world that are both freezing and dry. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Arctic lies between the North Pole and the boreal timberland. In the Southern Hemisphere, the Antarctic tundra happens on the Antarctic promontory and on the remote islands that lie offâ the bank of Antarctica, (for example, the South Shetland Islands and the South Orkney Islands). Outside of the polar locales, there is another kind of tundra-elevated tundra-which happens at high heights on mountains, over the treeline. The dirts that cover the tundra are mineral-denied and supplement poor. Creature droppings and dead natural issue give the greater part of what sustenance is available in tundra soil. The developing season is brief to the point that lone the highest layer of soil defrosts during the warm months. Any dirts beneath a couple of inches deep remain for all time solidified, making a layer of earth known as permafrost. This permafrost layer frames a water-hindrance that forestalls seepage of meltwater. Throughout the mid year, any water that defrosts in the upper layers of the dirt is caught, shaping an interwoven of lakes and swamps over the tundra. Tundra natural surroundings are helpless against the impacts of environmental change and researchers dread that as worldwide temperatures rise, tundra living spaces may assume a job in quickening the ascent in air carbon. Tundra territories are generally carbon sinks-puts that store more carbon than they discharge. As worldwide temperatures rise, tundra habitatsâ may move from putting away carbon to discharging it in gigantic volumes. Throughout the mid year developing season, tundra plants develop rapidly and, in doing as such, they retain carbon dioxide from the air. The carbon stays caught on the grounds that when the developing season closes, the plant material freezes before it can rot and discharge the carbon once again into the earth. As temperatures rise and zones of permafrost defrost, the tundra releasesâ the carbon it has put away for centuries once more into the air. Key Characteristics Coming up next are the key qualities of tundra territories: outrageous coldlow natural diversitylong wintersbrief developing seasonlimited precipitationpoor drainagenutrient-poor soilspermafrost Characterization The tundra biome is characterized inside the accompanying natural surroundings chain of command: Biomes of the World Tundra Biome The tundra biome is isolated into the accompanying natural surroundings: Ice and Antarctic tundra - Arctic tundra is situated in the Northern Hemisphere between the North Pole and the boreal backwoods. Antarctic tundra is situated in the Southern Hemisphere on remote islands off the shore of Antarctica, for example, the South Shetland Islands and the South Orkney Islands-and on the Antarctic promontory. Cold and Antarctic tundra underpins around 1,700 types of plants including greeneries, lichens, sedges, bushes, and grasses.Alpine tundra - Alpine tundra is a high-elevation territory that happens on mountains around the globe. Snow capped tundra happens at rises that lie over the tree line. Elevated tundra soils vary from the tundra soils in polar locales in that they are typically very much depleted. Snow capped tundra bolsters tussock grasses, heaths, little bushes, and midget trees. Creatures of the Tundra Biome A portion of the creatures that occupy the tundra biome include: Northern lowland lemming (Synaptomys borealis) - The northern marsh lemming is a little rat that possesses the tundra, swamps, and boreal timberlands of northern Canada and Alaska. Northern marsh lemmings eat an assortment of plants including grasses, greeneries, and sedges. They likewise feed on certain spineless creatures, for example, snails and slugs. Northern lowland lemmings are prey for owls, birds of prey, and mustelids.Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) - The ice fox is a meat eater that occupies the Arctic tundra. Ice foxes feed on an assortment of prey creatures that incorporates lemmings, voles, feathered creatures, and fish. Ice foxes have various adjustments to manage the cool temperatures they should suffer including long, thick hide and a protecting layer of body fat.Wolverine (Gulo golo) - The wolverine is a huge mustelid that lives in boreal woodland, snow capped tundra, and Arctic tundra natural surroundings all through the Northern Hemisphere. Wolverines are amazing pred ators that feed on a wide range of warm blooded animal prey including bunnies, voles, lemmings, caribou, deer, moose, and elk. Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) - The polar bear possesses the icecaps and Arctic tundra natural surroundings in the Northern Hemisphere including regions of Russia, Alaska, Canada, Greenland and the Svalbard Archipelago. Polar bears are huge carnivores that feed fundamentally on ringed oceans and hairy seals. Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) - The muskox is huge hoofed well evolved creatures that live in the Arctic tundra. Muskoxen have a durable, buffalo like appearance, short legs and long, thick hide. Muskoxen are herbivores that feed on grasses, bushes and woody vegetation. They likewise eat greenery and lichens.Snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis) - The snow hitting is a roosting flying creature that breeds in the Arctic tundra and in certain regions of elevated tundra, for example, the Cairngorms in Scotland and the Cape Breton Highlands in Nova Scotia. Snow buntings move south throughout the winter a long time to get away from the tundras coldest temperatures.Arctic tern (Sterna parad isaea) - The Arctic tern is a shorebird that breeds in the Arctic tundra and relocates 12,000 miles to over-winter along the bank of Antarctica. Ice terns feed on fish and spineless creatures, for example, crabs, krill, mollusks, and marine worms.

Governance And Management Structure Of Islamic Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

A series of global financial crisis and economic recession for the past three decades have encourage economists world-wide to consider for an alternative financial solution. Globally this has attracted attention to focus on Islamic banking and finance as an alternative model. However, according to Chapra and Ahmed (2002) the primary of the new architecture that has received maximum emphasis so far at international forums, is improved corporate governance reinforced by prudential regulation and supervision. While these will certainly help in enhancing the soundness and stability of the financial system, they will not be sufficient. The increased globalization of financial and Islamic products markets has raised the interest of both market participants and regulators in the quality of financial reporting worldwide. As a result, Islamic financial institutions are required to increase the corporate governance (CG) and disclosing such actions in their annual reports because it may reduce the information irregularities between the management of the Islamic banks and the shareholders. According to Kothari (2000), reduced information asymmetry has desirable effects on the cost of capital and the volatility of security prices. These benefits motivate regulators around the world to strive for high quality. In addition, with more governance related disclosure aids reflected in the financial reports would foster more transparent and accuracy in the present and future performance of the respective Islamic banks. Disclosure aids in the financial reports will assist all stakeholders to monitor the Islamic banks performance and to avoid existing problems remain unnoticed and which could lead to financial failure in the future. 1.1 Problem Statement Issues of corporate governance especially on the principal/agent conflict of interest with a view to promote the interests of all the stakeholders as well as the soundness and stability of the Islamic Financial System. This problem has been an inherent weakness in most conventional and Islamic banks since the advent of the financial system in Malaysia. Thus, this has eroded the credibility of the Malaysian Financial Institutions during the past financial crisis. According to McLennan (2007), good governance enables efficient and effective service delivery, and it also ensures high levels of accountability and transparency. These challenges can be classified as the top of list problem areas in the Malaysian Financial Institutions, and the main cause is problems around corporate governance. 1.2 Significance of the Research Due to the greater push Internationally by Accounting and Audit Organization of Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) and local regulatory such as the Central Bank of Malaysia (BNM) and the Securities Commission Malaysia (SC) to improve the corporate governance reinforced by prudential regulation and supervision. This study examines the seriousness of Malaysian Islamic Financial Institutions and Foreign Islamic Financial Institutions complying with these guidelines. In particular, this research will examine the CG disclosures reported in their financial reports in Malaysia together with the current Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance 2012 (MCCG 2012) issued by SC focuses on strengthening board structure and composition recognizing the role of directors as active and responsible fiduciaries. According to Malaysia Code of Corporate Governance (2012), they have a duty to be effective stewards and guardians of the company, not just in set ting strategic direction and overseeing the conduct of business, but also in ensuring that the company conducts itself in compliance with laws and ethical values, and maintains an effective governance structure to ensure the appropriate management of risks and level of internal controls. Furthermore, this study is intended to contribute to the relevant literature aspects in future. This includes by institutionalizing the best practices from the Islamic financial institution and operational matters across all financial institution under the government linked companies (GLCs) in Malaysia in tandem with the Finance Ministry of Malaysia to have the GLCs to sustain in their performance and meet the transformation programme objectives by 2015. (Please refer to Figure 1) Figure 1: Transformation Objective by 2015 Source: GLC transformation programme. Yellow Book ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ Continuous Business Process Improvements GII ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ÃƒÆ'†¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“InnovationÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Circle Meeting 2. 2012 2.1 Main Research Questions The corporate governance guidelines issued by the respective responsible bodies as mentioned above may improve the governance practices of IFIs and hence enhance its transparency and accuracy reported in the financial reports. This study attempts to examine the extension of Malaysian Islamic Financial Institutions and Foreign Islamic Financial Institutions complying with these guidelines. Specifically, the following research questions will be developed for study: 1. Were there sufficient information related to corporate governance available in the financial reports disclosure aids to safeguard the interest of all stakeholders? 2. Was there any standard tools available for the making the Board and the Management more effective and accountable for Malaysian Islamic Financial Institutions and Foreign Islamic Financial Institutions? 3. Were there sufficient information related to the performance available to all the stakeholders reflected in the financial reports disclosure for Malaysian Islamic Financial Institutions and Foreign Islamic Financial Institutions? 2.2 The Objective of the Research The main aim of this study is to examine the contributing factors by both board of directors and management for Malaysian and Foreign Islamic Financial Institutions of the Islamic financial institutions Thus, the objectives of this study are: To examine the Board of Directors and Management principles, duties, responsibilities and policies Malaysian Islamic Financial Institutions and Foreign Islamic Financial Institutions complying BNM and SC new corporate governance guidelines. To examine the performance measures for board of directors and management for both Malaysian and Foreign Islamic Financial Institutions. ii) To examine the organization structure and functions for both Malaysian and Foreign Islamic Financial Institutions. The study seeks to understand the disclosure of corporate governance and management decision making reflected in the financial reports between Malaysian and Foreign Islamic Financial Institutions. 3.0 Theoretical Framework The potential theoretical framework of this study will merely concentrate on the quality of the CG information disclosure in the financial reports for Malaysian Islamic Financial Institutions and Foreign Islamic Financial Institutions. The study will focus on the examining the extension of CG information disclose by IFIs and the difference of CG disclosure quality between local and foreign owned IFIs in terms of their preference to prioritize on whether specific or general kind of governance information in their annual report in year 2012. More specifically, the primary objective of this study is thus to examine the quality of CG disclosure provided by IFIs in Malaysia in their annual report. After conducting interviews, completing literature review and defining problems, the actual theoretical framework can be develop. However, the researcher may identify potential theoretical framework related to this research. The stewardship theory may be chosen as a framework for this study on account of the contextual characteristics of IFIs. (Please refer to Figure 2) Figure 2: Exhibits the Potential Research Framework 4.0 Methodology For this study the primary data and secondary data will be used. The secondary data will be collected from the central bank annual report, articles from journals and news papers and economic review. The above are the main research questions that framed the semi-structured interviews, documents analysis and discussions during data collection. In addition, this research intended to examine CG disclosure practices of IFIs in Malaysian and Foreign Islamic Financial Institutions using two stages. The first stage is the development of comprehensive CG index. Consistent with prior studies, the index acts as a proxy for disclosure quality. The comprehensive corporate governance disclosure (CGD) index used in this study based on governance guidelines and codes disseminate by AAOIFI, BNM and SC. This CG index developed is then used to assess the quality of CG of Malaysian Islamic Financial Institutions and Foreign Islamic Financial Institutions. This will constitute the second stage of the stu dy which will focus of this paper. According to Walter and Kenneth (1986), the association between the compounded index which captures both the importance of information and extends of disclosure, and possible determinants of disclosure is compared with using simple disclosure index. 4.1 Limitations The researcher may encounter obstacles while conducting this study. The obstacles come in many forms. The first potential obstacle would be on the data gathering during interview, where all bankers are required to abide by the rules and regulations spelled out in the Banking and Financial Institution Act (BAFIA) 1989 which prevents the interviewee from revealing certain details to a third party even for the benefit of this research. However, to be as confidential as possible and to avoid any doubts or dispute as to the authenticity of the data, respective parties within the University may have verified the details and analysis computed. In addition, the researcher also faced some constraints as some the employees of the Malaysian and Foreign Islamic Financial Institutions may not want their names to expose in the research report based on the interviews conducted by the researcher. 5.0 Findings and Conclusions By having the studied the research problems and issues mentioned above by the researcher, it is proposed to provide the findings and to recommend suggestions to the respective parties such as regulatory body in Malaysia. With jointly and cooperative affords from all the parties to build up Malaysian Islamic financial institutions a world class for Islamic banks by managing well in their asset quality and to increase the flow of income.

Implementing New Strategy Without Disrupting Organization - 550 Words

Implementing New Strategy Without Disrupting your Organization (Essay Sample) Content: Implementing new strategy without disrupting your organizationNameInstitution of AffiliationDue to the fast changing business dynamics, business organizations are being forced to revamp their corporate strategies in efforts to remain relevant and viable in the competitive globalized marketplaces. Companies over time have tried unlocking their organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s corporate strategies through decentralization by geographic area or product category, centralization by function or through matrix structure that combines both or networked organizations, but none of this seems to work efficiently. Restructuring an organization is usually expensive, and new models in most cases come with organizational problems since it takes a lot of time for employees to familiarize themselves with new models, and a lot of knowledge is wasted in the change process.(Kaplan Norton, 2006), argue that due to challenges and the cost involved in finding corporate value through structural cha nge, structural change is not the best method in realizing the corporate value in organizations. According to them, it is more practical to implement an organizational strategy that will function without major issues and create a customized strategic plans to link the structure to the model. According to (Kaplan Norton, 2006), the best solution to connect strategy to the structure is having a management system aligned with the Balanced Scorecard framework. Managers will be better positioned to drive optimum performance in various units, map strategies in defining and communicating the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s value proposition in their respective units as well as creating ways to monitor effectiveness strategies in the various implementation stages (Kaplan Norton, 2006). A system based on balanced scorecard equips organizations with a template and a clear framework to assemble and communicate information about creating value in the organization. Kaplan and Norton describe how Roya l Canadian Mounted Police and DuPont used strategy maps aligned around strategic themes and scorecards to build tremendous value from their personnel and assets. These organizations did not subject themselves to massive extra costs and the possibility of enduring various changes that would only replace the preexisting structural model with another rigid model that would eventually result in even more challenges.The four perspectivesKaplan and Norton scorecard framework is a measure of four perspectives that are vital sources of value creation. These four perspective includes. * Customer perspectiveThey insist on the need for organizations to enhance relationships with various business units to enable the offer improved customer services regarding improvement quality, greater convenience as well as lower prices as well as providing specialized customer services than rival firms cannot match in the marketplace. Customers being vital shareholders in organizations, new strategies should have a positive impact on customer experiences as well as satisfaction (Kaplan Norton, 2006). * Financial perspective.They argue that value can by developing financial synergies that ensure effective systems for corporate governance, resource allocation, and monitoring, for incorporating new business models as well as interacting with external stakeholders such as capital providers, government, and suppliers. Such financial synergies ensure savings by eliminating wastage (Williams, 2010). * Process perspectiveProcess perspective scoreboard provides that strategic value maps are created to streamline critical processes ...